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Citations & Sources

Statistics cited throughout this site are sourced from publicly available research and are presented here without shame because the people responsible for them have none. The Department of Workplace Activities is not affiliated with the U.S. Department of Labor or any U.S. Government entity.

  1. Economic Policy Institute, CEO Pay in 2024, September 2025. CEO-to-worker compensation ratio based on realized compensation at the 350 largest U.S. publicly traded firms. epi.org/publication/ceo-pay
  2. Economic Policy Institute, CEO Pay Increased in 2024, September 2025. Realized CEO compensation averaged $22.9 million. Median worker pay based on production/nonsupervisory workers in corresponding industries. epi.org/blog/ceo-pay-increased-in-2024
  3. AFL-CIO Executive Paywatch, 2025 Report. Starbucks CEO Brian Niccol received $97,813,843 in annualized total compensation against a median employee pay of $14,674. aflcio.org/paywatch
  4. Economic Policy Institute, CEO Pay, 2025. Realized CEO compensation grew 1,094% from 1978 to 2024 against 26% growth in typical worker compensation over the same period. epi.org/publication/ceo-pay
  5. Institute for Policy Studies, Executive Excess 2025, August 2025. America's 100 largest low-wage employers spent $644 billion on stock buybacks between 2019 and 2024. ips-dc.org/release-executive-excess-2025
  6. CBS News / Jobs for the Future, 2025. Six in 10 U.S. workers say their jobs fall short of the standards for a "quality" position — one that offers basics such as fair pay, a steady schedule and career growth. cbsnews.com/news/us-workers-lack-quality-jobs-study

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